AMERICAN CHEMICAL JOURNAL.
Volume XII, No. 4, April, 1890. W. M. Burton and L. D. Vorce have determined the atomic weight of magnesium, finding the number 24.287 (O = 16). H. W. Hillyer describes a convenient form of gas generator for laboratory purposes. Reviews and Reports: Recent progress in industrial chemistry. Notes: Chemical examination of baking powders. Density, color, and spectrum of fluorine.
Volume XII, No. 6, June. Gibbs and Hare continue the study of the action of definitely related compounds on animals.
Volume XII, No. 7, July. W. A. Noyes concludes his determination of the atomic weight of oxygen, finding the number 15.896. Reviews and Reports: Electrolytic dissociation. C. R. S.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NAVAL ENGINEERS.
May, 1890. Notes on modern boiler-shop practice. Notes on the effect of temperature on certain properties of various metals and alloys. Tubulous boilers.
In this article, contributed by Assistant-Engineer Leonard, U. S. N., the principal requisites of a successful tubulous boiler are first given, followed by a general description with illustrations of each of the following types: Herreshoff, Belevile, Ward, Towne, and Thorneycroft. From the data of evaporative tests made at different times by boards of U. S. naval engineers, a table is added to compare the relative weight and space occupied by the three types of boilers—tubulous, locomotive, and Scotch. The following approximation is made from the table, on the assumption that the evaporation varies directly as the combustion, 25 pounds of coal per square foot of grate being used as a unit. The locomotive boiler should receive a favorable correction of about 20 per cent in columns 2, 3, and 5, on account of high rate of combustion. On the other hand, the Belleville boiler should receive an adverse correction of about 10 per cent, on account of low combustion. All the other tubulous boilers given, greatly exceed the Scotch in these advantages of weight and space.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Type. | Combustion. | Evaporation per cub. foot of space. | Weight per H.P. | Wgt. per sq. foot beating surface. | Wgt. per lb. of water evaporated. |
Belleville, | .5 | .5 | 2.02 | 2.1 | 2.5 |
Herreshoff, | 1. | .95 | .72 | .6 | .9 |
Towne, | 1. | 1.2 | 1.12 | .87 | 1.3 |
Scotch, | 1. | .44 | 2.4 | 1.64 | 2.3 |
Locomotive, | 3.9 | .31 | 3.7 | 1.25 | 3.5 |
Ward, | 2.2 | .58 | 1.27 | .5 | 1.53 |
The machinery of the torpedo-boat Cushing. The White steam “turn-about” life-launch.
August. An account of the experiments made on the doublescrew steel ferryboat Bergen. The manufacture and inspection of iron and steel boiler tubes.
In this paper is given a general description of the process of manufacturing lap-welded boiler tubes of the kind used in the service.
On the designing of continuous-current dynamo machines.
A reprint of an article by Mr. Andrew Jamieson, read before the Institute of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland.
Speed trials of fast ships. Report upon trials of three steamers— Fusiyama, Colchester, and Tartar. Tubulous boilers, (a continuation of the discussion of this paper in the preceding volume, by Mr. Miers Coryell). Instructions for determining the coal consumption on vessels of the French navy. J. K. B.
JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING SOCIETIES.
May, 1890. The requirements of specifications for steel and iron.
A paper read before the Civil Engineers’ Club of Cleveland, by Mr. Ritchie, in which are considered some of the most important points to be looked after in the inspection of steel.
June. Recent progress of the metric system.
August. Ferroid, a new artificial stone. Compound locomotives.
J. K. B.
THE ENGINEER.
June 7, 1890. The Justin dynamite shell. Economy of high expansion.
June 21. Robertson’s separator for steam boilers. The adaptation of steam machinery. Petroleum in steam boilers.
A paper on the results of using oil in the boilers of the steam-heating plant, at the Lansing Agricultural College. Previous to its use the boilers were badly incrusted with a hard scale. The kerosene seemed to work between the scale and the boiler-plate in such a manner as to loosen large flakes. Quantities of it are also found at the bottom of the boiler, in the shape of fine mud, which is readily removed through the blow-off pipe. At the present writing the boilers contain less scale than at any previous time during the past four years, and the small amount present seems soft and gradually disappearing. No injurious effect on the iron was perceptible.
July 5. The Forbin (a description of one of the recent additions to the French navy). The new navy.
July 19. The engines of the Mariposa. Coloring of metals by oxidation. Directions for working aluminum. Compound locomotives.
August 2. Notes on the use of hydraulic cements. Machine design for steel works. American locomotive boilers.
August 16. Rate of combustion in locomotives. Electric motors compared to locomotives. The progress of electric traction. Heat-energy.
September 13. Electric launches. Case-hardening. The trial of the San Francisco.
September 27. A broken crank-shaft. The education of engineers. Dangers of electric lights on English steamers. Ocean racing. Link motion vs. automatic cut-off efficiency. J. K. B.
INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS.
October, 1889. On the results of blast furnace practice with lime, instead of limestone, as a flux. First report of the Research Committee, on the value of the steam jacket. Further experiments on condensation and re-evaporation of steam in a jacketed cylinder.
J. K. B.
MECHANICS.
May, 1890. The indicator, and its errors. The strength of flywheels. Notes on the action of lubricants.
June. A special report of the Twenty-first Semi-Annual Convention of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
In addition to a report on the business transacted before the Society, reprints are made of the following papers read before the meeting: Standard method of conducting duty trials of pumping engines. An automatic absorption dynamometer. Steam engine governors. A use for inertia in shaft governors. A universal steam calorimeter. Engine tests. The measurement of the durability of lubricants.
August. A scientific boiler test.
An elaborate report of a test made by Mr. Michael Longridge, of a Babcock & Wilcox boiler, in connection with a Lowcock economizer. J. K. B.
NORTH OF ENGLAND INSTITUTE OF MINING AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERS.
August, 1890. Report of the French commission, on the use of explosives in the presence of fire-damp in mines. J. K. B.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.
Volume CI. On the action of quicksands. The Calliope graving dock, Auckland, N. Z. On the probable errors of surveying by vertical angles. Wire rope. The deflection of spiral springs. Notes on a new method of distributing triangulation errors.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL ARTILLERY INSTITUTION.
April, 1890. Siacci’s method of solving trajectories and problems in ballistics, Part III, by A. G. Greenhill, M. A., F. R. S., and Mr. A, G. Hadcock, late R. A. Sound velocity applied to range finding, (communicated by Captain G. G. Aston, R. M. A.).
May. Fire control in fortresses, by Captain F. G. Stone, R. A. Submarine mines in relation to war, by Major G. S. Clarke, C. M. G., R. E.
August. A range and training indicator, by Captain L. C. M. Blacker, R. A.
September. Notes on the handling of artillery in the field, with especial regard to the supply of ammunition, by Lieutenant-Colonel N. L. Walford, R. A. Control of artillery fire in action, by Captain W. J. Honner, R. A.
JOURNAL OF THE MILITARY SERVICE INSTITUTION.
January, 1890. Danger from lack of preparation for war, by General Gibbon.
March. Development of submarine mines and torpedoes, by Lieutenant James C. Bush, U. S. A.
May. Development ofsubnnirine mines and torpedoes (continued).
THE RAILROAD AND ENGINEERING JOURNAL.
June, 1890. The Brooklyn dry dock. The latest Italian cruiser.
A general description and illustration of the latest addition to the Italian navy, named the Fieramosca, which is classed as a torpedo ram. On the trial trip the speed obtained was 18.6 knots, the engine developing 7500 horsepower. The main battery includes two 25 cm. guns, weighing 25 tons each, mounted in pivot, and six 15 cm. guns, mounted in broadside. There is a secondary battery of machine guns and six torpedo-tubes. Owing to the excellence of her armament, her speed, and the ease with which she was handled on trial, it is expected that this ship will be very formidable in action, more so, perhaps, than some of the very heavy battle-ships for which the Italians have shown a preference heretofore.
Preserving wooden piles. United States naval progress.
July. The new cruiser Latona for the British navy. The engines of the U. S. S. Maine. An automatic back-pressure relief valve. United States naval progress.
August. Experiments with locomotive boilers. The use of aluminum in the construction of instruments of precision. The accident to the City of Paris. Experiments showing the rate of combustion in locomotives on the B. & O. Railroad.
J. K. B.
September. Isthmus canals.
An abstract of the report of the commission of French engineers, appointed to examine the Panama Canal. The estimated expense of completing the canal, upon the plan they propose, is about $120,000,000, the principal items being $60,000,000 for excavation, and $22,000,000 for locks. To this must be added the general expenses, which will bring the total amount required up to about $180,000,000, representing the amount that will have to be provided, in addition to that already invested in the company.
The new battle-ships. Collisions at sea.
THE SCHOOL OF MINES QUARTERLY.
April, 1890. Examination of mineral properties. Indian grass oils. Electrical engineering at Columbia College.
July. The wind problem in gunnery. J. K. B.
REVUE DU CERCLE MILITAIRE.
April 20, 1890. Notes on the equipment and subsistence of the soldier in the field.
April 27. One year in Tunisia. The military institutions of China.
May 4. The French armament, as viewed from a Russian standpoint. Military institutions of China (ended). The war of Senegal.
May 11. The new Belgian rifle. Messenger pigeons and dovecotes (giving interesting points in regard to training, feeding, and liberating, or starting off messenger pigeons, and the important part —every day more marked—that they may play in time of war).
May 18. The Russian officer in the army and in society.
June i. The Danish rifle, model of 1889. The envelope-tube of the barrel of the German rifle.
June 8. Works of the geographical service for 1889.
June 15. The field stadiometer.
June 29. Note on a recording device of regulated firing; Demerliac system.
July 6. The discussion on the two years service in Germany. Mountain artillery. The Chinese navy.
July 13. Mobilization and manoeuvres of the fleet in England.
July 20. The curvigraph, its civil and military use.
July 27. New firing regulations in Germany. The curvigraph, etc.
August 3-10. The Trans-saharian railway.
August 17. A glance at our naval manoeuvres (French). The Trans-saharian railway (ended).
From present indications, it will not be many years before Lake Tchad and the Upper Niger will be in direct rapid communication with the shores of the Mediterranean. The completion of this great undertaking will, no doubt, add greatly to the influence of the French in Africa.
The new firing regulations in the German army.
August 24. The Victoria torpedo. The new firing regulations in the German army (continued). A glance at our naval manoeuvres (ended).
August 31. The latest improvements in the European navies. A new type of revolver for officers.
September 7. A curious mode of fabrication of metallic tubes. The new firing regulations in the German army (ended).
September 14. The fortifications of the Saint-Gothard. The latest improvements in the European navies. J. L.
REVUE MARITIME ET COLONIALE.
April, 1890. A study of the use of the sextant for observations of precision. Oceanography (statics), (continued). The history of a fleet of former times.
May. Trajectory of a projectile in case the resistance of air is proportional to the cube of velocity. The history of a fleet of former times (ended). Oceanography.
June. Trajectory of a projectile in case the resistance of air is proportional to the cube of velocity. The English naval manoeuvres of 1889 (an analysis of an article in the Engineering of March 28, 1890). A statistics of wrecks and other mishaps at sea for the year 1888. A Note on Commander Fleuriais’ “top” (a professional article). Exploration of the western Soudan.
July. Budget of the German navy for the year 1890-91. The navies of antiquity and the mediaeval age. Studies of comparative naval architecture. Historical studies of the military marine of France (continued). Biographical notice on Rear-Admiral Le Blanc. Prizes awarded the authors of the best memoirs published in the “Revue.”
August. The navies of antiquity and the mediaeval age. Studies of comparative naval architecture. A method for the immediate adjustment of the standard compass in landfalls with, or without, interruption of the ship’s course, by Capt. Fournier. Approximation with which a longitude is determined from an observation of the occultation of a star by the moon. Historical studies of the military marine of France (continued). J. L.
RIVISTA MARITTIMA.
April, 1890. A study on the naval needs of Italy, by Captain G. Bettòlo. The English naval manoeuvres of 1889, by C. A. Views of Sir Frederick Abel on smokeless powders (trans.). Collisions at sea (trans. from the French).
May. New method of determining the velocity of projectiles within the gun, by Prof. Frolich (trans. and notes).
June. Historical study on submarine warfare, by Lieut. Ettore Bravetta. Economical study of electrical conductors, by Giorgio Santarelli, engineer. Spontaneous combustion of coal, by Chief Engineer N. Soliani.
July and August. A study of the character of Christopher Columbus, by Salvatore Raineri. Historical study on submarine warfare (continued). Graphic determination of the stability of ships, by Giuseppe Rota, naval engineer.
September. Study on modern naval tactics, by Lieut. G. Ronca.
Study on the compass deviations on Italian ships-of-war, by Capt. A. Aubry. Fire ships and infernal machines in naval warfare (historical), by Lieut. Ettore Bravetta.
RIVISTA DI ARTIGLIERIA E GENIO.
April, 1890. Smokeless powder. Study on field redoubts, by Captain Spaccamela Pio. Miscellaneous: The Fiske range-finder; Rapid-firing guns, system Skoda; Experiments with the 10 cm. rapid-firing, the 75 mm. field gun, and the mountain guns, Canet system. J. B. B.
REVISTA MILITAR DE CHILE.
June, 1890. Trial of guns of the Krupp and the De Range systems at Batuco, by Lt.-Col. J. C. Salvo. Tactics necessitated by the introduction of the small caliber long-range rifle (trans.), by Lt.-Col. Sofanor Parra. On the military position of Chile, by Col. José A. Varas. Instructions for target firing, by Col. E. de Canto.
August. A visit to the Krupp gun factories, by Col. Diego Dubl6, A. Instructions for target firing (continued). On the military position of Chile (continued).
REVISTA TECNOLÓGICO INDUSTRIAL.
April, 1890. Sanitary details of the city of Barcelona. The artificial harbor of Barcelona. Royal decree on electric installations.
June. The dangers of the electric light. Theory of the steam engine.
BOLETIM DE CLUB NAVAL.
January, 1890. The question of armor-plated turrets. 7-inch guns, De Bange system. Historical points on the history of the Brazilian navy.
February. Hints on the study of naval tactics. The question of armor-plated turrets.
March. The Brazilian Lloyds. Historical points on the history of the Brazilian navy.
April. The armament of the Aquidaban. The cruiser Almirante Tamandaré. Hints on the study of naval tactics (continued).
TRANSACTIONS OF THE TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC COAST.
January-March, 1890. Notes on the dry-dock and coffer-dam at the navy-yard, Mare Island, by Otto V. Geldern (illustrated).
April. Coffer-dams and floating caissons, by Randall Hunt, C. E. (illustrated).
TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.
October-December, 1890. Cantilever bridges, by C. F. Findlay. The Colonial Government dry-dock, St. John’s, Newfoundland, by H. C. Burchel. The Esquimault graving dock works, British Columbia, by W. Bennett.
JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE.
December, 1889. American isthmian canal routes, by Daniel Ammen, Rear-Admiral United States navy. Philosophy of the multi-cylinder, or compound, engine: its theory and its limitations; by Robert H. Thurston. On the dilatation and compressibility of water, and the displacement of its maximum density by pressure (translated from the French by B. F. Isherwood).
January, 1890. The electrical exhibits from the United States at the Paris Exposition. Philosophy of the multi-cylinder, or compound, engine (continued). A rapid method for phosphorus in iron and steel, modified from a method proposed by Dr. Thomas M. Drown; by G. L. Norris.
February. A test of an Otto gas engine. Philosophy of the multi-cylinder, or compound, engine (continued).
April. Electric railways. The Hollerith electric tabulating system.
May. “Water ram” in pipes. Colt’s new navy revolver, combined with a new cartridge pack for reloading.
June. The purification of water by means of metallic iron. What does a steam horse-power cost? by Thos. Pray, Jr.
July. Report of the U. S. Naval Board on the Thomson system of electric welding. On the electro-deposition of platinum.
September. Electricity in warfare, by Bradley A. Fiske.
J. B. B.
THE STEAMSHIP.
May, 1890. A new mode of mounting guns.
A successful trial of Sir W. G. Armstrong, Mitchell & Co.’s new mode of mounting guns to be fired en barbette, took place off the Isle of Wight, on board H. M. S. Handy, a vessel especially appropriated for gun trials. Particular importance attached to the tests on this occasion, the invention to be tested being designed to meet a defect which has been much felt in regard to the existing method of mounting heavy guns in barbette ships. In the design tried, the gun not only returns automatically into the firing position after each discharge, according to the Vavasseur recoil system, but is capable of being elevated so as to fire at angles up to forty degrees, the caliber of the piece, in this instance, being 9.2 inches, and the weight 22 tons. The carriage on which the gun is mounted is also fitted with a steel shield six inches thick, which is attached to the mounting and trains with it. The construction is such that the port through which the gun fires is completely filled with the gun at all angles of elevation, thus preventing the entrance of projectiles or splinters. The mounting is intended for use in barbette batteries on the upper deck, and no similar carriage has hitherto been provided with any screen capable of resisting the fire of anything more than machine guns, whereas the shield now devised effectually protects the gun and gunners from all rapid-fire guns at present in use in the service. At the trial which took place March 19, fifteen rounds were fired at angles ranging up to the maximum of 40 degrees, with perfect success in every respect.
The strength of ships.
A paper on the above subject, with special reference to distribution of shearing stress over transverse section, was read at the annual meeting of the Institution of Naval Architects, by Professor Jenkins.
The spontaneous ignition of coal cargoes. The effects of stress on steel.
June. The screw propeller.
A paper read before the Institution of Civil Engineers by Mr. Sydney Barnaky, and dealing with the determination of the best dimensions to be given. The author submitted the results of recent experimental research, so far as they bore upon the solution of this problem. The experiments made by Mr. Thornycroft with model screws were described, and the author’s method of tabulating the results was explained.
On steamship propulsion. Marine engine governors. Various theories of the screw propeller.
In this article Mr. James Howden takes exception to almost all the leading ideas advanced on the subject by Professors Rankine, Cotterill, Greenhill, and Dr. Fronde, the paper being directed expressly to the manner in which the screw acts on the water in propulsion, and the motions thereby imparted to the water in obtaining its propulsive effect.
July. On the dynamics involved in the lines and speeds of ships. Internal corrosion of vessels. The corrosion of iron and steel.
August. The Légé torpedo. Launch of the cruisers Pallas and Phoebe. Formulas for model experiments. J. K. B.
THE STEVENS INDICATOR.
Volume VI1, No. 2. Notes on the action of lubricants. Testing machines. Instruments for illustrating the action of the polar planimeter. Ericsson and his Monitor. Cost of lubricating car journals.
No. 3. The fabrication of twelve-inch mortars. Notes on the friction of engines. The indentification of dry steam. The examination of lubricating oils. A new recording pressure gauge.
J. K. B.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.
January, 1890. The results of investigations relative to formulas for the flow of water in pipes.
February. Cast iron, strength tests, and specifications.
An article by Prof. J. B. Johnson, in which are given the results of some experiments at the Washington University Testing Laboratory, on the testing of cast iron for strength and resilience in tension, compression and cross breaking; the methods and appliances there used; a new machine for cross breaking tests; an explanation of the high cross breaking modulus of cast iron, and, finally, a proposed set of specifications for engineers, to use for cast iron products.
April. The railroad ferry steamer Solano.
June. Calculations of the mean horse-power of a variable stream, and the cost of replacing the power lost, by a partial diversion of the flow. Observations on the Forth Bridge. J. K. B.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERS.
Aluminum and other metals compared. Notes on the energy and utilization of fuel, solid, liquid, and gaseous. The Heroult process' of smelting aluminum alloys. Aluminum in wrought iron and steel castings. Preliminary note on the thermal properties of slags.
J. K. B.
UNITED SERVICE GAZETTE.
May 31, 1890. The Icarus court-martial. The Dover manoeuvres. A year of lifeboat work. The Victoria torpedo. On a system of signalling between men-of-war and merchant vessels. America’s naval policy.
June 7. The summer manoeuvres. The Dover manoeuvres. The defense of Australia. Naval supremacy.
June 14. The Royal United Service Institution. American warship design. The exigencies of modern warfare.
June 21. Naval uniform. The Channel tunnel.
June 28. Mobilization of the Royal Naval Reserve. Royal naval engineer officers.
July 5. Launch of war vessels. The Coast Guard. Spontaneous ignition and explosions in coal bunkers.
July 19. Appointments for the naval manoeuvres. The royal naval engineer officers—II.
July 26. The naval manoeuvres, 1890. Royal naval engineer room artificers.
August 2. The naval manoeuvres. The navy as a profession.
August 9. The naval manoeuvres. The strength of the navy. The royal naval engineer officers—III.
August 16. The naval manoeuvres. Submarine torpedo-boats.
August 30. The naval manoeuvres. Lessons from the naval manoeuvres.
September 6. Coaling at sea. Next year’s naval manoeuvres.
September 13.
“A disagreeable surprise has been caused by the report, that at the recent naval manoeuvres three-quarters of the whole number of the vessels engaged were, at different periods, reported as suffering from defects of machinery, most of which were trivial, but some of a more serious nature. Considering the consequences likely to arise from a breakdown in case of actual hostilities, the Admiralty order is warmly welcomed, directing that high-speed trials shall be made once a quarter, each trial to be of not less than twenty-four hours’ duration, whenever circumstances will permit, with the engines working at from one-half to two-thirds of their specified natural draft. During each trial the engines are to be run for a period of five hours at their highest speed with natural draft, but the horse-power developed is not to exceed the specified natural draft power.”
The German naval and military manoeuvres. The French naval manoeuvres.
One effect of the French naval manoeuvres this year has been to show up the smallness of the supply of fuel kept in the coal dépôts at Brest. These contained only enough for one coaling of the squadron, after which the supply was exhausted. A French naval critic points out, in the Nouvelle Revue, that the harbor of Brest, being the only solid base of operations for the Northern Squadron, ought evidently to be provided with coal enough to last six months.
The proposed naval exhibition.
September 20. Attack on the Thames and Medway defenses. The defense of Australia. The navy. Letter from Admiral of the Fleet Thomas Symonds.
The writer opposes the present system of heavy armaments, advocating lighter guns and consequent higher freeboard. Reference is made to the recent manoeuvres, where “half the heavy armament of two battle-ships, Inflexible and Hero, is disabled . . . . and continued silent for many hours, and when soon afterwards a cracked steam-pipe, upon which the working of the hydraulic engines depends, obliged the armor-clad Rodney to return to port.” "The serious error which is being made in continuing to overburthen our ships with guns that arc, not only, too heavy to be efficiently worked by preventer gear (in case of the failure of the steam or hydraulic engines), but are likewise unreliable in several other respects for naval warfare, is only too manifest.”
September 27. The defense of Australia. The Royal Naval Exhibition. The Sardegna.
By the launch of the Sardegna, which took place at Spezia on Saturday last, another magnificent battle-ship has been added to the Italian navy. She is a sister ship to the Rè Umberto, built of steel, with 18 inches of compound armor on her barbettes; a length of 400 feet; breadth, 76 feet 9 inches; tonnage, 13,251; and she is expected to attain a speed of 19 knots. When fully equipped she will carry four 67-ton breech-loading Armstrong guns, eight 15-centinietcr, and six 12-centimeter, and ten quick-firing and machine guns, Her cost will be one million sterling.
LE YACHT.
April 12, 1890. Editorial: Remarks on Mr. White’s address before the Association of Naval Architects. Notes from foreign ship-yards. Review of the merchant marine. Description of the French armored cruiser Le Charner, with plans.
April 19. Editorial on reform in the French navy. Argument in favor of squadrons of evolution. Review of the merchant marine. Torpedo-boats built in ’89, with plans of torpedo-boat of the first class, built for Denmark by Thorneycroft.
April 26. Description of the Magenta. Review of the merchant marine.
May 3. Editorial on the manoeuvres of the French squadron escorting President Carnot; criticism on the ships and their personnel. Refrigerating rooms on board ship. Review of the merchant marine. Notes from foreign ship-yards.
May 10. Editorial on the work done by French arsenals. Review of the merchant marine.
May 17. Editorial criticising centralization in the French naval government. The torpedo-boats built in ’89, with plans. Notes from foreign ship-yards.
May 24. Editorial comparing the Piemonte with the Forbin. Review of the merchant marine.
May 31. Editorial on the competition between guns and armor. Review of the merchant marine. Notes from foreign ship-yards.
June 7. Notes from foreign ship-yards. Review of the merchant marine.
June 14. Editorial on shore duty in the French navy. Notes from foreign ship yards. Armor trials of the plates of the Chilian man-of-war Capitan Prat. Description and plans of the armored ship Tréhouart.
June 21. Editorial on the separation of the Board of Admiralty from the Minister of Marine and Supreme Council. Review of the merchant marine. Plans of Yarrow torpedo-boats of first and second class.
June 28. Notes from foreign ship-yards. Review of the merchant marine. Review of Captain Mahan’s book, “ Influence of Sea Power upon History.”
July 5. Editorial on L’Association Technique Maritime. International Marine Conference. Cut of stern-wheel gunboat for African river service. Notes from foreign ship-yards.
July 12. Editorial on the naval appropriation of 1890. Review of the merchant marine.
July 19. Editorial on the July manoeuvres of the French squadron. Review of the merchant marine.
July 26. Editorial on the report of M. Gerville-Reache, on the appropriation for 1891. Review of the merchant marine. Cut of the French cruiser Forbin.
August 2. Editorial comparing the French and English methods of mobilization. Article on battle-ships. Review of the merchant marine. Engine-room signals.
August 9. Editorial on the German navy. Review of the merchant marine. The English second-class cruiser Latona, with cut. Armor tests of Schneider plates for the Danish government; four cuts showing impact of shot.
August 16. Accidents to the French fleet for the year. Resistance of steel.
August 23. Editorial on English summer manoeuvres.
September 6. Editorial on naval manoeuvres. Review of the merchant marine. A. C. B.
REVIEWERS AND TRANSLATORS.
Lieut.-Commander C. S. Sperry,
Lieutenant J. B. Briggs, Lieutenant A. C. Baker,
P. A. Engineer J. K. Barton,
Asst. Naval Constructor D. W. Taylor,
Prof. C. R. Sanger,
Prof. J. Leroux.