MITTHEILUNGEN AUS DEM GEBIETE DES SEEWESENS.
Volume XVIII, Nos. VIII and IX. Late researches in oceanography (continued), by Captain C. v. Berman. Steamship companies and the auxiliary service.
An interesting article on the organization of an auxiliary service. The writer, in view of the fact that in time of war fast merchant steamers will be called into service as transports, supply-ships, and armed cruisers, dwells upon the necessity of a thorough organization, on the importance of contracts between the steamship companies and the Government, of the payment of
subsidies. He advocates that in the construction of merchant steamers attention be paid to details in view of the ulterior purpose for which they will be used in time of war—armament, equipment, and supplies to be ready at all times; officers and crews, how to be selected; steamship companies to form auxiliary bureaus under the Government; establishment of depots.
Lessons from the English fleet-manoeuvres, by Vice-Admiral C. Mayne, R. N. Electricity on war-ships, by S. Dana Green. The spontaneous ignition of coal cargoes, by Prof. Vivian B. Lewes. On the under-water launching of automobile torpedoes in the line of the keel, and on some pending questions regarding torpedoes, by Julius Heinz. The Chinese navy. Budget of the royal and imperial navy for 1891. Floating of the Lloyds steamship Arciduchessa Carlotta. English protected cruiser Blenheim. Japanese cruiser Tschiyoda. Coast defenses of the United States. The English armored ship Sultan. Alterations in the new cruiser-type Centaur. The Victoria toroedo. Trials with a torpedo-cruiser of the “Turnabout” system. Official trials of the submarine boat Peral. Libbrecht’s smokeless powder. Late trials of the Brennan torpedo. Test of the armor-plates of the Chilian man-of-war Capitan Prat. A Swedish hydro-graphic expedition. Steamer Oriel of the Russian volunteer fleet. Unsuccessful attempts to fire dynamite from ordinary guns.
Volume XVIII, No. X. Late researches in oceanography (conclusion). Incidents and phenomena attending the release of compressed air, by Dr. P. Salcher. Launching of the Austro-Hungarian torpedo-ram Kaiserin Elisabeth. Contracts for the new armored and protected cruisers of the United States. Trial trip of the U. S. S. Philadelphia. Institution of torpedo companies in Russia. Tests of Schneider plates. Introduction of semaphores on English vessels. A new steam life-boat. On submarine vessels. Holmer’s collision-cloth for stopping leaks. Duinker’s boat-hoisting device. List & Dick’s compound propeller-blade. E. Berg’s engine-room signaling apparatus. Alarm belt-cable for the protection of men-of-war at anchor. The submarine boat Peral. The English torpedo-depot vessels Vulcan and Hecla. Association technique maritime. Stipulations for the delivery of steel tubes. Trials of the Sims-Edison torpedo. Deep-sea dredge. Use of oil in smoothing the sea. Prizes for best method of using oil in smoothing the sea. Employment of balloons in the French navy. Signal communications between men-of-war and merchant vessels.
Volume XVIII, No. XI. On lighting of coasts, by A. Frh. v. Koudelka. Smokeless powder.
An interesting view of the probable effect of smokeless powder on naval warfare. Fleet engagements in which non-smokeless powder is used are compared with those in which the smokeless powder is the agent, and the comparative advantages and disadvantages are brought out. The importance of concerted action, fleet tactics, and skilful manoeuvring is enhanced, mere chance playing a minor part. The “bataille rangé’’ will be the result. The effects on the action of torpedo-boats, combats between cruisers, and attacks upon coast or harbor defenses are also discussed, and the whole question is treated in such a lucid and interesting manner as to suggest vital changes in naval battles of the future.
Tests at the steel works of F. Krupp with the 29-cm. howitzer. Budget of the French navy for 1891. Budget of the Swedish navy for 1891. Budget of the Danish navy, 1890 to 1891. Experiences of naval warfare, 1860 to 1889. The French cruiser Le C6cile. Firing tests against a captive balloon in Russia. Boat-davits, Rees. Improvements in the dynamite gun. Manipulation of water-tight doors in the United States navy. Budget of the Norwegian navy, 1890 to 1891. Boiler tests of torpedo-boats. The Giffard rifle. Experiments with cordite. Launch of the Spanish cruiser Infanta Maria Teresa. Experiments with a captive balloon in the German navy. Classification and naming of the men-of-war of the United States. Launch of the English tug Asp. Triple-screw cruiser for the United States. Rules for ships’ boilers.
Volume XVIII, No. XII. The English and French fleet manoeuvres, 1890, by Ferd. Attlmayr. On the requirements of ocean steamers, especially as regards their machinery, by J. Fassl. Competitive armor tests in America. Reorganization of the artillery and torpedo bureaus in France. The defense of Paris by floating batteries. The Victoria torpedo. Electric motors for rapid-firing guns. Japanese coast-defense vessels, type Itsu Rusima. The Chilian torpedo-gunboat Almirante Condell. About the Turkish navy. Literary notices: The coast and courts of Asia, by Lieutenant L. v. Jedina. European armies of the present times, by Hermann Vogt. H. G. D.
ABSTRACT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS, 1889-1890, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.
Biological water analysis, by Prof. W. T. Sedgwick. The history and theory of cohesive construction as applied especially to the Timbrel vault, by Mr. Raphael Guastavino. The kriegsspiel as practiced in America; its object and place in military science, and its relations to military and naval manoeuvres, by Major W. R. Livermore. The history and theory of cohesive construction as applied especially to the Timbrel vault, by Mr. Raphael Guastavino. The development of magazine-guns for army use, by Capt. A. H. Russell, U. S. A.
A short history of magazine-guns, and enumeration of the magazine-guns in use, with 22 cuts.
The physical properties of iron and steel at higher temperatures, by Mr. James E. Howard. Combination voltmeter and ammeter for electrical measurements, by Mr. Anthony White. Domestic steels for naval purposes, by Lieut.-Comdr. J. G. Eaton, U. S. N. (400th meeting, 1890, February 27). The application of storage batteries to street-car propulsion, by Col. E. Hewins. Experiments with alternating currents, by Prof. Elihu Thomson.
ANNALEN DER HYDROGRAPHIE UND MARITIMEN METEOROLOGIE.
18th Annual Series, Volume I. Influence of the velocity of the wind on dimensions of ocean waves, by Dr. C. Bdrgen. Determination of deviation of the compass by observations of the sun, moon, or other heavenly bodies, without knowledge of time, latitude, declination, variation, or even of the heavenly body observed, by F. Sohnke. Report of Captain C. Green of the German bark Elizabeth, voyage from Allas Straits to Isabela, Isabela to Manila, Manila to Sunda Straits. Taudjong Priok. Exceptionally heavy squall on southeast coast of Africa. Report of Capt. G. Schumacher of the German bark Augustina, voyage from Newcastle, N. S. W., through Torres Straits to Saigon. Currents, temperatures, and specific gravity of surface water in Gulf of Aden. On currents in Chinese waters, by Captain P. A. Polack. Wind velocities on German coast. Minor notices: Description of a waterspout; Current observations in North Atlantic ocean; Remarks on the Bay of Ambrizette, west coast of Africa; Landmarks for Angra Pequena; Remarks on Mon-goli, Roumania, Black Sea; Trip of a twin-screw steamship across the Atlantic with one screw; Bottle-post from Sophie and Nixe.
Volume II. On classification of chronometers. Sailing directions for entering Cameroon river. Extracts from the log of Captain Deeken, schooner Sagterland; the Roccas; the bar of the Rio Grande; the harbor of Macáu; voyage from Macau to Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre. Report of Captain Albrand of German bark Emma Romer; voyage from Indian ocean to Macassar. Soundings off the west coast of Africa. Soundings in Atlantic ocean, about the West Indies. The winds at Keitum, Island of Silt. Contributions to the history of meteorology. Minor notices: Use of oil for quieting the sea, tried on board H. M. S. Itis; Floating buoys on west coast of North America; Ice on northwest coast of Alaska; Piloting at Sulina, Roumania. Tables.
Volume III. Contributions to navigation in the neighborhood of the Marshall and Gilbert Islands, by Commander Credner. On the approaches to the mouth of the Congo River. Extracts from the log of Captain Hansi of the bark Levuka. Daily changes in the deviation of the compass caused by solar heat. On the forms of cyclones (with plate), by E. Knipping, of Tokio. Quarterly weather review. Measurements of velocity of winds at different heights. Minor notices: Use of oil in quieting the seas; Sailing directions for Port of Spain, Trinidad; Obstructions in the Northeast Passage, Canary Islands; Passage of Sombok Straits; Bottle-posts from different vessels.
Volume IV. Remarks on the sailing directions for the China seas, by Captain Ascher of H. M. S. Iltis. Remarks on navigation in the Bismark Archipelago; Lord Howe and Solomon Islands. Extracts from log of Captain Reinicke of the bark Triton, on harbors in Australia and New Zealand. The volcanic island Falcon of the Tonga group. Sailing directions for the Bissagos Islands. Oceanography, observations in the North Sea. Soundings in the Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, and in the Pacific Ocean (Coral Sea). Quarterly weather review (continuation). Minor notices: Meteorological reports from the log of Captain Leopold of the bark Wega; Currents off the coast of Dalmatia and Montenegro; Harbor improvements in the island of Corfu; Depths of water in the harbor of Port Mula, Virginia Islands; Remarks on the harbor of Santos, Brazil, and on Ceiba, Honduras; Currents off the island of Upolu, Samoa; Banks of Manpango, South China Sea; Bottle-posts from different vessels.
Volume V. Report on the new American charts, gnomonic projections, for great-circle sailing, by Dr. G. D. E. Weyer. Remarks on the inland sea of Japan, and on Hakata-Fukuoka, Kiusiu, by Captain Ascher of H. M. S. Iltis. Extracts from the log of Captain Henne of the bark Papa; meteorologic conditions in Punta Arenas; the Baker Island in the Pacific Ocean. Sailing directions for northeast coast of Emperor William’s Land, for the Los Islands, and the Dubreka River (west coast of Africa). The north coast of Alaska, between Point Barrow and Mackenzie Bay. Rain-fall on the Samoan Islands. Minor notices: The anchorage of Conakry, Los Islands, Senegambia; Harbor improvements in Buenos Ayres and La Plata; Sailing directions for the harbor of El Portillo, Cuba; Remarks on Makalleh, Gulf of Aden; Anchorage at Cochin; The Paracel Islands; Anchorage in the harbor of Amoy.
Volume VI. Hydrographic observations on the west coast of Africa, on a voyage of H. M. S. Hyane from Capetown to Cameroon. Remarks on the east coast of Africa between Mafia channel and Kipumbwe reef, from the log of H. M. S. Schwalbe, Captain Hirsh-berg. On some ports on the coast of Costa Rica, by Captain Gille. Sailing directions for the north coast of Emperor William’s Land (conclusion), and for the harbor of Memel. Ice in the North Atlantic in the spring of 1890. Quarterly weather review (10 charts). Minor notices: On the use of oil for quieting the seas; Currents off the coast of Dalmatia; On the anchorage in Valle Malalulta, Dalmatia; On the anchorages of the island Merak, Java; Straits of Sunda; Reefs and anchorages at Sumenep, southeast coast of Madura Island; Sickness after eating fish. Tables and charts.
Volume VII. Studies on the effect of the moon on the weather, by Dr. G. Meyer. On various bays and harbors of the Samoan Islands, by Captain Herbing of H. M. S. Sophie. Report of Captain Bruhn of the ship J. Steffen, on the voyage from Guayaquil to the Gulf of Tehuantepec, with remarks on Rosario and Guelagichi. Description of the Kermadec Islands. Soundings in the North Pacific Ocean, off the west coast of America. Meteorologic observations in the roadstead and harbor of Cameroon, 1888 and 1889. The West Indian hurricane of September, 1888. Minor notices: On the effect of oil on the seas; Prizes for experiments with oil in smoothing the seas; On currents in the Bay of Biscay; Remarks on the Bay of Independencia and Port Permejo, Peru; Remarks on the islands of St. Matthew and St. Lawrence, west coast of Alaska; On a tedious voyage from Singapore to Anjer; Bottle-post from different vessels.
Volume VIII. The winds at Keitum, Island of Silt, by Dr. H. Meyer. Remarks on the harbors of Apia, Saluafata, and Pago Pago. The west coast of Africa between Wadi Draa and Cape Juby. Soundings in the North Pacific. Report of the thirteenth series of competitive tests of chronometers at the German observatory, 1889-1890. A new method of proving storm predictions, and results of the storm predictions on the German coast in 1889, by Dr. W. J. Van Bebber. Quarterly weather review, spring of 1886 (conclusion). Minor notices: On the use of oil for quieting the seas; Changes in the currents of the Indian Ocean; Current off the southeast coast of Nipon, between Yokohama and Oösima; Remarks on the Gulf of Patras, Ionian Sea; Remarks on La Guayra, Venezuela; Harbor improvements of Puerto de la Plata; The harbor of Quellon, Chili; The establishment of the correct geographic positions of several places in Chili; The non-existence of the Wolverine bank and Vibilia rocks, between the Tonga and Kermadec islands; Bottle-post from H. M. S. Sophie.
Volume IX. Observations of H. M. S. Sophie in the Bismarck Archipelago. Report of Captain Fesenfeldt of the iron bark Auguste, on his voyage from Shields to Sta. Rosalia (Lower California), and to Astoria and Portland (Oregon). Remarks on the settlement of St. Michaels, and the Stuart and Port Clarence islands, Alaska. The Comora Islands. Navigation of the lower Seine. The storm of April 25-26, 1S90, by Dr. W. J. Van Bebber. Determination of magnetic elements at forty stations in northwestern Germany (extract). Minor notices: Use of oil at sea; On the locust swarms of the Red Sea; On the relative levels of waters bounding Europe; Sailing directions for Port au Prince, Cuba; Determination of longitudes of Puerto Plata, Santa Ana, La Guayra; Remarks on various places on the west coast of Africa; Decrease of depths in Whale Bay, Africa; Position of islands off west coast of Zealous Island, Baker group, Patagonia; Remarks on islands in the Straits of Magellan; Haberton harbor and Beagle channel, South America; The roadstead of Panama; Salaverry, Tumbez river, Buena and Mejillones coves, in Peru; Darwin Channel and several harbors in the Chonos Archipelago, Chili; The breakwater at Colombo, Ceylon; Cyclones on the west coast of India and in the Arabian Sea; Swatow; Matautu and Savai, Samoan Islands; Newly-discovered islands northeast of Sunday Island, South Pacific, northeast of New Zealand. H. G. D.
DEUTSCHE HEERES ZEITUNG.
November 15, 1890. Ammunition supply in the French army.
November 19. Ammunition supply in the French army (continued). The ballistics of the Lebel gun. Electric signalling apparatus for ships.
November 22. Proposed changes in tactics. Ammunition supply in the French army (concluded). Direction indicator for ships. Launch of the Russian men-of-war Gangut and Hong-Hudd.
November 29. The French territorial army.
December 3. The French territorial army (continued). Budget of the fleet, 1891 to ’92.
December 6. The French territorial army (concluded). River and air torpedoes.
December 10. Firing drill for field artillery.
The launch of the ‘25. de Mayo' at Elswick:
A speed of 21.237 knots with 9000 H. P, was attained, and 22.43 knots with forced draft, and 13,800 H. P. developed. Coal capacity, 600 tons.
December 13-17. Krupp’s firing tests. What shall we do with Heligoland?
December 27. The cruiser Le Cécile. The cruiser Infanta Maria Teresa.
January i, 1891. Open letter on the fortifying of Heligoland, by R. Wagner.
January 3. The German auxiliary cruisers.
The estimated number of auxiliary cruisers of the Triple Alliance is 32, of which 19 belong to Germany, being vessels of the Hamburg-American Packet Co., and of the North German Lloyd, with tonnages ranging from 4000 to 10,000, speed from 18 to 20 knots. The intended armament for each auxiliary cruiser is eight 15 cm. guns, four 12.5 cm. guns, two 8.8 cm. guns, two 56 mm. R. F. guns, six revolving cannon, eight Gatlings. The vessels are to carry 115 rounds for the 15 cm. guns, 210 rounds for the lighter calibers, 1200 rounds for R. F. and machine-guns, besides two torpedo-launches and eight torpedoes.
The auxiliary fleet of Italy at present consists of eight steamers, of tonnage from 1046 to 4826, and 16 to 18 knots speed. Armament of each, two 12 cm. and four 3.7 cm. R. F. guns.
The torpedo-boat question.
A short review of the torpedo question, with an enumeration of the torpedo-boats of Germany and France. Germany possesses 6 division boats (250-350 tons), 48 Schichau boats (about 37 tons), to be increased to 60; 8 Vulcan, 6 Weser, 2 Thornycroft boats, besides 7 others. France possesses 9 torpilleurs de haute-mer (over 100 tons), 14 first-class torpedo-boats (6c-ioo tons), 83 second-class boats (40-60 tons), 41 third-class boats (20-40 tons), 6 torpedo-launches of less than 20 tons; .total, 23 cruising or sea-boats and 130 coast-defenders. Attention is forcibly called to the manifold advantages of torpedo transport vessels of the English Vulcan type, of about 7000 tons, 21 knots speed, well armed and carrying 8 second-class torpedo-boats, fully equipped for service, which can be launched by means of steam cranes in a few minutes. Owing to the seaworthiness and high speed of such vessels they can keep up with the fleet at all times, in any weather, which cannot be said of the torpedo-boats. Heretofore, when long sea-voyages have been undertaken by torpedo-boats, there has always been more or less anxiety evinced, and their safe arrival looked upon as an event. When carried on a large transport vessel they are safe, and will reach their destination in greatly less time without exhausting the crew. The Tyne accompanied four Yarrow boats on a trip from Plymouth to Bermuda recently; the trip took 25 days. The Vulcan, carrying twice the number of boats, can make the same trip in eight or nine days, and with crews fresh and ready for action.
The tactics in action for the torpedo-depot and transport vessel will probably be to remain outside of the mêlée, having the boats ready, the commander deciding when and where to attack the enemy. Rather than take part at once in the engagement, it will be safe to await a favorable moment to make a decisive attack, the point of attack being communicated to each boat and everything directed from the depot-vessel; two boats to be kept in reserve. The objective point of attack being settled upon, the boats are sent out, with instructions to return, if possible, after carrying out the attack. Of course, each boat-commander has authority to take advantage of opportunities offered for other operations, but it must be borne in mind that the operations can be much better determined upon and directed from the torpedo-depot vessel than from the closed boats, especially as she takes up her position outside of the mSlee. The vessel is the refuge and depot of the boats. They return to her after the action, or when their ammunition is exhausted. The two boats in reserve are close at hand to lend aid to any hard-pressed vessel, and to protect their own vessel against an attack by one of the enemy’s protected cruisers. England is building three vessels similar to the Vulcan, but other nations have not yet made the experiments.
January 7. Establishment of military telephone stations. Stations of the English fleet in 1890. The present fleet of Portugal.
H. G. D.
FRANKLIN INSTITUTE JOURNAL.
December, 1890. The product of the Eureka Tempered Copper Company. The manufacture of tin plate. A new theory of the propagation of waves in liquids.
January, 1891. Electricity: its past, present and future. The continuous girder.
JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING SOCIETIES.
September, 1890. The electrical transmission of power.
October, 1890. Photography applied to surveying.
THE STEVENS INDICATOR.
October, 1890. The fabrication of 12-inch mortars. Water analysis to determine scale-forming ingredients. Notes on the action of lubricants. A comparison of cut-off gear and link motion. Tractive force in the locomotive. J.K. B.
THE ENGINEER.
Volume XX, No. 9. Progress in aluminium. The process of steam in its development of power. Overheated furnace-crowns. Safety valves.
No. 10. The trial of the hydraulic-jet boat Evolution. Steel castings. Cylinder condensation. Reports of engine performance.
No. 11. Yarrow’s water-tube boiler. Aluminium. Lubricating oils. Safety valves.
No. 12. Coal endurance of cruisers. Resistance of ships. Hydraulic tests for boilers. Triple-screw propulsion.
Volume XXI, No. 1. Lubrication of steam cylinders. Errors in boiler testing. Cylinder condensation.
No. 2. Heat transmission in boilers. Tests for olive oil. Forced draught. J. K. B.
THE ENGINEERING AND RAILROAD JOURNAL.
October, 1890. Electrical transmission of power. The new fast cruiser.
An illustrated description of the new swift cruiser of 7300 tons, officially known as No. 12.
Steam lines across the Atlantic. The development of armor. A new variable blast nozzle.
November. The launch of the Maine. Electricity in daily life. Friction and lubrication of journals. United States naval progress. The Army Ordnance Notes. The submarine mine and torpedo in harbor defense. Description and drawings of the engines of the triple-screw cruiser No. 12.
January, 1891. The new geodetic survey of France. The new cruiser Tschiyoda for the Japanese navy. Our navy in time of peace.
J. K. B.
INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS.
The Research Committee on marine engine trials. The report upon trials of three steamers, Fusi Yama, Colchester, Tartar. J. K. B.
MECHANICS.
November, 1890. Electrotechnics, a compilation of rules, tables and data. Pumps and pumping machinery. The theory of centrifugal governors.
December. The Serve boiler tube.
A compilation of the results in a comparative trial of two boilers of same general dimensions, one fitted with the Serve tubes and the other with the ordinary tubes. The results show a gain in evaporative capacity of from 11.2 per cent to 16 per cent in favor of the Serve tubes. The tubes fitted were of steel in both cases. The experiments made in France on boilers provided with Serve tubes made of brass showed an advantage of about 20 per cent in their favor. The apparent advantages of these tubes will probably be offset to some extent by their increased cost as compared with the ordinary tubes, and by the greater difficulty of cleaning dust and soot from them.
A special report of the 22d annual convention of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
An account of the business meeting and an abstract of papers read.
January, 1891. Graphic statics and its application to construction pumps and pumping machinery. J. K. B.
THE STEAMSHIP.
October, 1890. Adiabatic expansion.
A deduction of the principal formulae used in working out questions in adiabatic expansion.
The proposed Canadian ship railway.
A method of connecting Lake Huron and Lake Ontario at Toronto by a ship railway, thus shortening about 400 miles of lake navigation between the head of the lakes and Montreal.
The dynamics involved in the lines and speeds of ships. Improved automatic boat-detaching apparatus. The application of electricity to welding. The dangers of coal cargoes.
A paper read before the Royal United Service Institution on the spontaneous combustion and explosions in coal-bunkers, with suggestions which would tend to minimise the risk of spontaneous ignition.
November. The development of the marine engine.
A paper by Prof. Seaton before the Iron and Steel Institute of America, in which was made a complete survey of the progress in marine engineering during the past fifteen years.
The Serve patent ribbed boiler-tube.
January i, 1891. The theory of propulsion and centrifugal-force propellers.
An abstract of paper read before the Institute of Marine Engineers by Mr. Thos. Drewry.
Increased boiler pressures and increased piston speeds.
J. K. B.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERS.
Volume XVIII, 1890. Notes on the manufacture of open-hearth bridge steel. Concentration of low-grade ores. Notes on coals of Western Canada. Electrical accumulators or storage batteries. The peculiar working of a blast furnace. Notes on American cannel coal. Aluminium in the drawing press. Aluminium bronze as a suitable material for propellers. On the use of aluminium in the construction of instruments of precision. Some tests of the relative strength of nitro-glycerine and other explosives. The properties of aluminium. Notes on fuel gas. The Herault process of smelting aluminium alloys. Phosphorus in pig-iron. Steel and iron ores.
J. K. B.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS.
Volume XI. The use of tables of the properties of steam in engine experiments. Cost of steam and water power. Cost of lubricating car-journals. The philosophy of the multi-cylinder or compound engine. Flow of steam through orifices. An experimental study of the errors of different types of calorimeters. Rolling steel rails. A new recording pressure-gauge. How to use steam expansively. Graphic analysis of reciprocating motion. Comparison of indicators. On the influence of steam-jackets. On the performance of a double screw ferry-boat. The theory and design of chimneys. Report of the committee on standard tests. Report of the committee on standard method of conducting daily trials of pumping engines. Tests of several types of engines as found in practice. The mechanical theory of chimney-draught. Notes on kerosene in steam boilers. The length of an indicator card. The effective area of screws. Steam-engine governor.
J. K. B.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NAVAL ENGINEERS.
November, 1890. Graphic method for determining and counterbalancing the centrifugal action of the connecting rod. Ericsson compound engine and Belleville boiler.
Experiments made at the Delamater Iron Works in New York by Chief Engineer Isherwood, on a non-condensing, single-acting, compound steam engine designed by John Ericsson, and on the Belleville boiler supplying it with steam.
New forms of evaporators. Notes on analysis of engine trials. The contract trial of the Philadelphia. The contract trial of the San Francisco. A continuation of the discussion on tubular boilers.
J. K. B.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH-EAST COAST INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS AND SHIPBUILDERS.
Volume VI, 1890. Notes on the surveying and classification of shipping. The construction of marine boilers with a view to the use of higher pressure. High-speed engines for cargo boats. Boiler furnaces. Marine engines and boilers. Report of the council on the horse-power of marine engines. The weight of machinery in the mercantile marine. J. K. B.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.
Volume CII, 1890. The application of electricity to welding, stamping, and other cognate purposes, by Sir F. Bramwell. The screw propeller, by S. W. Barnaby. Some applications of electricity in engineering workshops, by C. F. Jenkin. Experiments made with boiler-plate materials at the Royal College, Berlin. A new modification of the open-hearth steel process. J. K. B.
REVUE DU CERCLE MILITAIRE.
September 21, 1890. The Annamite language and French influence in Indo-China. Fortifications of the St. Gothard, with maps and photographic views (continued). The latest improvements in the European navies.
September 28. Notes upon the English army: I. The question of armament. Fortifications of the St. Gothard (ended).
October 5. French influence in Indo-China. The latest improvements in the European navies (continued). Manoeuvres of the IX German Army Corps.
October 12. The grand manoeuvres in Switzerland. The latest improvements in the European navies (continued).
October 19. Military short-hand writing. The German manoeuvres in Silesia. The latest improvements in the European navies (continued).
October 26. Notes upon the English army: II. England’s offensive power. Success of the Creusot plates in the United States.
November 9. A critic study of the great German manoeuvres. The latest improvements in the European navies (continued).
November 16. The Austrian manoeuvres in Hungary. The latest improvements in the European navies (continued).
November 23. A visit to the military exhibit in London.
November 30. The latest improvements in the European navies (continued).
December 7. A visit to the London military exhibition: notes and impressions (continued). The latest improvements in the European navies (continued).
December 14. A visit to the London military exhibition: notes and impressions (ended).
December 21. French influence in Indo-China (continued). The latest improvements in the European navies (continued).
December 28. French influence in Indo-China (ended).
January 4, 1891. Training of the foot-soldier in firing on the battlefield (continued in the next numbers).
January 18. The latest improvements in the European navies (continued).
In view of the interest it presents to naval people, this study is deserving of more than a passing notice. J. L.
REVUE MARITIME ET COLONIALE.
September, 1890. The Italian navy appropriations 1890-91. Historical studies of the military marine of France (continued). The last operations and ruin of the fleet of Louis XIV. Approximate solution of the problem of ballistics for marine guns. The war navies of antiquity and mediaeval age (2d part). Studies of comparative naval architecture (continued). Definitive trials of the Peral, Spanish navy.
November. The sea-fisheries in Algeria and Tunis. Notes on the formation of incrustation in marine boilers. The war navies of antiquity and mediaeval age (see previous number). Naval discussions in regard to the English manoeuvres of 1889.
December. Elementary explanation of the influence of the earth’s rotation upon the Fleuriai’s gyroscope. The sea-fisheries in Algeria and Tunisia (ended). The war navies of antiquity and mediaeval age. Experiments made at Meppen with a plunging fire against ships. J. L.
TRANSACTIONS OF CANADIAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.
Volume IV, Part I, January-June, 1890. Discussion on Vancouver water-works columns, by C. F. Findlay. Generation, distribution and measurement of electricity for light and power, by A. J. Lawson, with discussion.
Introduction: Brief history of the development of dynamo electric machines for domestic lighting purposes. Showing growth in arc and incandescent lighting in America. Electric lighting in Canada, engines, boilers, arc lighting systems, wiring, dynamos, with illustrations. Brush, Thomson-Houston, Westinghouse, Edison, Royal Electric Co.’s A. C. Dynamo. Converters, meters: Edison’s, Avon, Shallenberger. Storage batteries. Private installation. Measuring instruments. Electric railways. Street wiring.
THE UNITED SERVICE GAZETTE.
October 4, 1890.
“During the trial of smokeless powder with various types of ordnance, which took place during the German manoeuvres, it was found that steel guns were injured to a much greater extent by erosion of the bore than bronze guns. A proposal has been made to use aluminum bronze for small guns and also for liners of heavy guns. This is very likely to be soon tried practically, as Dr. Anderson, the Director-General of Ordnance, thinks that aluminum bronze might prove valuable for lining guns.”
Naval training. Australasian defense.
October ii. Control of artillery fire in action. Naval training, II.
October 18. Automobile torpedoes. Important artillery experiments.
“Some important experiments were made at Silloth, the artillery range of Sir W. G. Armstrong, Mitchell & Co. The trial was that of a 6-inch quick-firing gun of 40 calibers length, on a mounting of new design. Another feature of this trial was the use of cordite, the new smokeless gunpowder. A velocity of 2669 f. s. was attained with a charge of cordite, with a chamber pressure under 20 tons. Comparative tests for rapidity of firing were made with cordite and with non-smokeless powders, at targets distant respectively 900, 1400 and 1800 yards, the results showing the advantage of the smokeless powder. A new quick-firing gun of 2.65 inches caliber (throwing a 10-pound projectile) was also submitted to a successful trial.”
Chief petty officers. Recruiting.
October 25. Our first line of defense.
November 1.
“During the recent manoeuvres of the Italian fleet in the Mediterranean, some very successful experiments were made in the employment of carrier pigeons for communicating with the mainland. Although the pigeons came from the station at Piacenza, and had to fly a considerable distance inland after reaching the coast, very few of the birds failed to return to their lofts. On arrival at Piacenza the despatches were deciphered and their contents telegraphed to the various signalling stations along the coast. Some carrier pigeons from the station at Ancona were also sent to the headquarters of the army at Montechiaro for employment during the army manoeuvres. These birds, after returning to Ancona (190 miles), were sent on over the Apennines to Rome, a further distance of 125 miles, and were found on the average to cover the whole distance in ten hours, notwithstanding occasional spells of bad weather.”
Steam reserve officers.
November 8. Notes on the Aldershot auxiliary musketry school. Captive balloons. Three new French first-class ironclads. The protection of ships’ crews.
November 15. Loss of the Serpent. Mounted infantry. Naval notes.
“An important trial of armor-plates has just been concluded at the Government ranges near St. Petersburg. Five shots at each range were fired from a 35-caliber 6-inch 6-ton gun with Russian Holtzer shell, weighing 91 pounds, at 350 feet; first, two rounds with 53 pounds of powder, giving an initial velocity of 2000 feet, and then three with 53 pounds and a velocity of 2100 feet. There were three plates of 10 inches each, submitted by Messrs. Brown & Co., Messrs. Schneider, and Messrs. Vickers. The first of these, a compound plate, resisted the first two rounds, the shell remaining embedded in the armor, but the last three went clean through it. The Schneider hard-steel plate broke up three shells, and only the third penetrated as far as the backing, but the plate suffered severely, showing cracks in all corners. The Vickers plate, of softer steel, was more deeply penetrated by the shells; none of which, however, got right through, while the cracks were comparatively insignificant.”
Notes on Aldershot musketry school, II.
November 22. Entry and training of naval officers. Loss of the Serpent. The magazine rifle. Protection of ships’ crews, II.
November 29. Practice at balloons, I. Launch of the Edgar.
The Edgar is one of the first-class protected cruisers which are being built under the Naval Defense Act. There are eight similar vessels under construction. They are of 7350 tons displacement, 360 feet long, 60 feet beam, and draw 23 feet 9 inches of water. Their engines to indicate 12,000 H. P. with forced draft, 7500 H. P. with natural draft, giving speeds of 20 and 18 knots respectively. Coal capacity, 850 tons. Armament, two 9-inch 22-ton B. L. rifles, ten 6-inch quick-firing rifles, sixteen 6-pounder R. F. guns, three 3-pounder and eight machine-guns. Two above-water and two submerged torpedo-tubes. Protective deck, greatest thickness five inches. A 6-inch steel armor protects the machinery above the water-line. The Edgar has vertical engines and twin screws.
Yarrow torpedo-boat Bathurst.
December 6. Launch of the Naiad. Protection of our commerce. Trial trips of the Bellona and the Spezzia. Trials with armor-piercing projectiles.
December 13. Fiske’s range-finder. The phonograph and its adaptation to military uses. Education and training of naval officers. Practice at balloons, II. Aerial locomotion. Protection of commerce. Engine-room lieutenants. The Russian Imperial yacht Polar Star.
December 20. Launch of the Pique and the Thetis. The Serpent court-martial. Army and navy convalescent and training home. Naval notes. Steel cruisers. The magazine rifle, II. Navigation in the navy. Defense expenditure of the chief powers.
December 27. Army organization in India. The naval manoeuvres of 1890. The Serpent court-martial. The magazine rifle, III. Naval notes. New armament and engines for the Thunderer. The official trials of the Spanish ironclad Pelayo, with respect to the behavior of Vavasseur-Canet carriages. Experiments on gun-steel at low temperatures.
January 3, 1891. Naval notes: Launch of the Capitan Prat (Chilian armor-clad); Launch of the Sybille; Estimates for the French navy for 1891; Forced draft; The army in 1890; Naval retrospect, 1890.
January 10. The development of modern cavalry action. The “Tortoise” wagon-tent. The Vitu expedition. Foreign naval progress and construction during 1890, I. Training naval stokers (with discussion).
January 17. Steel as applied to armor plates. Yarrow’s tubulous boilers. Coaling ships at sea. Foreign naval progress and construction during 1890, II.
January 24. Promotion from the ranks in the navy. Boathoisting machinery trials.
H. G. D.
January 31. The recruiting difficulty. Liquid fuel.
LE YACHT.
September 20, 1890. The mercantile American school-ship Saratoga. Naval technical association: reciprocal actions of rudder and screw (A. Normand).
September 27. Trial of the Creusot plates in the United States. Trial of the Japanese cruiser Itsuku-Shima.
October 4. Three new French armored ships. Something about the cruiser Le Cécile, of the French navy.
October ii. A comment on the German naval manoeuvres. Italian naval estimates for 1891. Mercantile naval schools.
October 18. The Creusot and Cammell plates’ trials at Annapolis.
October 25. Mercantile naval schools (continued). Trials of the third-class cruiser Surcouf, of the French navy.
November i. The yacht-club of France and the America’s cup. Launching of the armored cruiser Dupuy-de-Lôme. The new Japanese guard-ships (Itsuku-Shima type).
November 8. More about the mercantile naval schools. The European boards of admiralty.
November 22. Discussion of the navy budget.
November 29. The navy. The squadron of evolution and the torpedo-boats. The committee of thirty-three.
December 6. Armored battle-ships of great displacement. English cruisers and their armament; the weight and position of the guns criticised. Chemical preparation of sea-water for feeding marine boilers.
December 13. Rules governing promotion in the European navies. A comparison between the national (French) and foreign torpedo-boats.
December 20. Qualities indispensable to a life-boat. A comparison between the French and foreign torpedo-boats (continued).
December 27. Government and private dock-yards. A propeller with plane and removable blades, system Margue.
January 3, 1891. A review of the navies of the world, by E. Weyl. Engines for multiple screws.
January 10. The second-class cruisers, by E. Weyl. Board of the French Yacht; institution of the “Cup of France”; opening of a public subscription. Qualities required in a life-boat.
January 17. National navy: the committee of thirty-three. The Newfoundland fisheries. The no-ton gun of the Sans-Pareil (E. W.). Lieut. Fiske new telemeter. J. L.
REVISTA MARITIMA BRAZILEIRA.
August, 1890. Co-operative military. Great ranges of modern artillery. The defenses of Bahia. The Peral. A new gun-mounting (with plate). Notes on naval architecture. Floating dock. Pyrodynamics. Naval notes.
September and October. The schistofone. Pyrodynamics. The infancy of nautical science. Notes on naval architecture. Various notes.
REVISTA MILITAR DE CHILE.
No. 48, September, 1890. Don Federico Errazuriz Echhurren. The Chilian commission to Peru. Establishment of permanent staff. Visit to the Krupp gun foundry (concluded). Instructions for target-firing (continued). Canet guns and Chilian republic. Garrison and interior service (continued). The Giffard rifle. Subsistence for the soldier (continued).
No. 49, October. The artillery of our new cruisers. The Chilian army. Garrison and interior service (continued). A new rifle. Desertion in the field or in time of peace. Subsistence for the soldier.
No. 50, November. What constitutes the reserve of our army? Lieut.-Colonel Don Severo Amengual. Marksman’s manual. Military legislation of Spain. Ballistics of the Giffard rifle. Instructions for target-firing. Subsistence for the soldier (continued).
No. 51, December. General Baquedano. Laws for promotion. Desertions in time of peace. Records of a commission on the Chilian campaigns. On the enlistments in the army corps. Military legislation of Germany. Competitive firing-tests between Krupp and De Bange, at Batuco. Instructions for target-firing.
REVISTA DE LA UNION MILITAR.
No. 8, August, 1890. The army. The National Guard. Armies of the Independence. Experiments with artillery fire. Tactics of firing with magazine rifles.
No. 9, September and October. The army: military discipline and subordination. Tactics of firing with magazine rifles (continued). Infantry engagements and open order. Argentine valor. Resistance of air. Information on the manufacture of powder.
H. G. D.
RIVISTA DI ARTIGLIERIA E GENIO.
October, 1890. Upon the rigorous solution of the problem of ballistics, by F. Siacci. Description of the barracks of Passalacqua in Novara. The fortifications on the northeast frontier of France. The Monier system of building in iron and cement.
November. The fortifications on the northeast frontier of France (concluded). The importance of rapidity in artillery fire in action. On lightning conductors. Supplement to the manual of the laboratory of precision.
December. Ammunition supply to field artillery. Firing with time-fuzes. Some notes on military stables. An electric cell with circulating fluids.
RIVISTA MARITTIMA.
October, 1890. Study on modern naval tactics, by Lieut. G. Ronca (continued). Fire-ships and infernal machines in naval warfare (historical), by Lieut. Ettore Bravetta (continued). River steam navigation for transporting the wounded in time of war, by F. Santini and F. Home-Rosemberg. A month in the island of Ceylon (continued).
November, 1890. The launch of the Sardegna, by I. Sigismondi. Study on modern naval tactics, by Lieut. G. Ronca (continued). Fire-ships and infernal machines in naval warfare (historical), by Lieut. Ettore Bravetta (continued). On the use of fresh water on board the royal vessels, by N. Soliani.
Gives full description of the distillers of Normandy and Kirkaldy types, with cuts of same.
Ships and guns.
December, 1890. Fragments of naval architecture, by Guiseppa Rota.
The author gives experiments on the resistance of ship’s under-water body, with system adopted to graphically represent the results. Elements of resistance and propulsion of a vessel when the displacement and draft forward and aft are changed, within fixed limits.
The German merchant marine, by Salvatore Raineri. Electric search-light projectors, by L. Pasqualini. The interior of Africa, by Ettore Bravetta. Study on modern naval tactics, by Lieut. G. Ronca (continued).
January, 1891. Study on modern naval tactics, by Lieut. G. Ronca (continued). The German merchant marine, by Salvatore Raineri (continued). Electrical units, by Lieut. A. Pouchain. The interior of Africa, by Lieut. Ettore Bravetta (continued). Upon the origin of meteorological observations and instruments, by G. Hell-man, translated by A. Cancani. New engines for the Sirio, Orione, and Perseo. H. G. D.
REVISTA TECNOLOGICO INDUSTRIAL.
September, 1890. Transportation and refining of petroleum (continued). Theory of the steam engine (continued).
October. Theory of the steam engine (concluded). History of mills. Agricultural plantations.
JOURNAL OF THE UNITED STATES CAVALRY ASSOCIATION.
Volume III, September, 1890, No. 10. With the reserve brigade (second paper), by Captain Moses Harris. Troop and company pack-trains, by Lieutenant A. A. Cabaniss. A reconnaissance with the first Maine cavalry (with map), by Brevet Maj.-Genl. C. H. Smith. Kilpatrick’s raid around Atlanta, August 18th to 22d, 1864 (with map), by Lieutenant W. S. Scott. A new lecture on the horse’s foot (with illustrations), by Lieutenant H. J. Goldman. An unexampled-ride, from the Pacific to the Baltic on a single horse, by A. N. Kovrigin. New drill regulations for cavalry, United States army; evolutions of the regiment; ceremonies. Professional notes. Book notices and exchanges.
MILITÄR-WOCHENBLATT.
December 24, 1890. The French cruiser Cecile. Launch of the Dupuy-de-Lome.
December 31. Trial trips of the French cruiser Surcouf. Gun for throwing lines.
January 3, 1891. Flight of carrier pigeons in France. Italy’s squadrons. Trial with unforged cast-steel gun-tubes in Sweden.
January 7. A new magazine rifle for the Danish troops. The Giffard rifle. Captive balloon on board the Formidable.
January 10. New armored vessels for Japan. New American magazine rifle.
January 14. Bayonet exercises. Firing tests from armored turrets at Creusot.
January 17. The magazine rifle in England. Launch of the Edgar. Inquiry into the loss of the Italian torpedo-boat 105 S.
January 21. Armor tests in Russia.
“Three plates were tested at these trials, held at Ochta, Nov. 11, 1890; viz. a Brown compound, a Schneider steel, and a Vickers mild steel plate. More recent tests were held at Kolpino with compound plates of Wilson’s patent, which stood the tests successfully. . . . .
“Tests like those of Ochta and Annapolis are scarcely decisive, because it is improbable that deliberate firing at armor, with guns of medium caliber, at short range and with perpendicular impact, will ever occur in action. The deciding point in the struggle of guns against armor during action will be the penetration of the target by a few heavy-caliber projectiles, hitting at greater or less angle with the normal.
“The value of the above tests lies more in giving a comparison of plates and guns than in any tactical importance. And in this regard the important results stand forth that the compound plates of the English firm of Cammel & Co. have been beaten by those of Schneider et Cie. of Creusot, as well as by those of the Government works in Russia; another example, particularly in questions pertaining to war, that inactivity is equivalent to retrogression, more apparent to-day than ever. And it must be acknowledged that Russia’s efforts, though owing to the use of foreign improvements, deserve the highest appreciation, in regard to their armor-plates as well as their projectiles, the latter behaving as well as the real Holtzers. Russia will prove a formidable opponent, and require every effort in order to cope with her on an equal footing.”
January 28. New men-of-war for the Argentine Republic.
January 31. Firing tests on the island of Fano, Denmark.
February 4. Wolfram’s projectiles. Use of electric power in French fleets.
SUPPLEMENT TO MILITÄR WOCHENBLATT.
Nos. 1 and 2, 1891. The battle of Mount Valérien, January 19, 1871, by Major Kunz. Strategic views of the question of fortifications, by Major Scheibert.
No. 3. Plans of attack and defense of Frederick the Great in the first two Silesian wars, by A. v. Roesgler. H. G. D.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL UNITED SERVICE INSTITUTION.
Volume XXXIV, No. 154. The transport of the sick and wounded in time of war. The employment of large masses of cavalry, of movable fortifications, and of smokeless powder, as illustrated by German autumn manoeuvres of 1889. Spontaneous ignition and explosion in coal-bunkers. Notes: Gruson experiments with smokeless powder C/89. Armed strength of Russia.
Volume XXXV, No. 155. The entry and training of naval officers, by Rear-Admiral N. Bowden-Smith.
The consensus of opinion in England seems from this discussion to be in favor of gaining a working knowledge of the naval profession at sea in actual service before a professional education, properly speaking, is undertaken. That to come afterwards, though just how, is not exactly pointed out. The idea seems to be that being an officer and a gentleman he will see the value of an education, and in some way acquire it. The question of additional mental training would seem to be subordinated to the necessity of becoming at an early age accustomed to the “ unnatural life ” of a seafaring man. Our system of giving a professional education, combined with enough practice to illustrate, before the actual service at sea begins, seems to be more in consonance with the course pursued in acquiring other professions.
Translations: Belleville boilers and their applicability to oceangoing vessels. Cruiser-war and coast-defense. Considerations on the employment of torpedo-boats. Tactics and vertical fire.
SCHOOL OF MINES QUARTERLY.
November, 1890. Theory of stress in a granular mass. Out-burstsofgas in metalliferous mines. Examination of mines. Graphical method of showing the relative annual efficiency of a steam plant. Wind-problem in gunnery, Part II.
JOURNAL OF THE MILITARY SERVICE INSTITUTION.
January, 1891. A practical scheme for training the regular army in field duties for war (prize essay). A proposed change in artillery school methods. Modern Bobadilism in the marksman’s method of defeating an army. Strategy, tactics and policy. The gyroscope and drift education of the soldier.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL ARTILLERY INSTITUTION, WOOLWICH.
October, 1890. Ranging and range-finding. Horse artillery progress abroad. Battle of Dettingen. Practice at a moving target from a low site.
November. Ranging a battery.
December. Instructions for practice over sea-ranges.
January, 1891. Changes in the Royal Artillery. The origin of our present drill-book.
UNITED SERVICE.
January, 1891. Wellington. The Harriet Lane. Modern armor. February. The influences of small-caliber magazine rifles and smokeless powder on tactics. Moltke, Part I. The history of the U. S. Marine Corps. C. M. K.
AMERICAN CHEMICAL JOURNAL.
Volume XII, No. 8, November, 1890. The acquisition of atmospheric nitrogen by plants, by W. O. Atwater and C. D. Woods. Reviews and reports: A short account of hydrazoic acid, recently discovered by Curtuis, who will be remembered as the discoverer of hydrazine.
Hydrazoic acid is a gas of the formula HN„ of a fearfully penetrating odor; soluble in water, the solution resembling hydrochloric acid; the salts are well defined; the silver salt AgN3 having very violent explosive properties.
Volume XIII, No. 1, January, 1891. Atwater and Woods conclude their work on the acquisition of atmospheric nitrogen by plants. C. R. S.
REVIEWERS AND TRANSLATORS.
Lieut.-Commander C. S. Sperry, Ensign C. M. Knepper,
P. A. Engineer J. K. Barton, Prof. C. R. Sanger,
Ensign H. G. Dresel, P rof. J. Leroux.